14448 - PROBABILITY II
Third Year. Second semester.
8 ECTS credits.
Contents:
Introduction: Laws of Large Numbers and CLT, in their simplest forms.
Easy proofs of both Weak and Strong
Laws are presented, with their meaning as related to the CLT.
Random variables and random vectors, in the language of Measure
Theory.
An example-based presentation,
meant to recall the elementary Probability Calculus (from Prob.I, 2nd year),
and to boost it with the language and ideas of Measure Theory (3rd year,
1st semester).
The general setting of Independence, and some consequences.
Uses of the W and S Laws.
Including the Borel-Cantelli lemmas,
and Kolmogorov's 0-1 Law.
Examples include: normal numbers,
Renewal, Shannon's theorem,...
Some ideas on Simulation of R.V.s, Random Walks and other Processes.
With a review of usual distributions,
and a short visit to Simple Random Walk (Reflexion, etc.).
Intended as a source of ideas
and language for later reference in useful examples.
Generating functions, and some uses for them.
Some examples: Poisson processes,
recurrence of Random Walks, ...
Characteristic functions.
Included: Inversion Theorems and
some limits (Weak Law, Poisson, CLT).
NOT included: the "Continuity
Theorem", which comes later.
Notions of convergence, and how they are related: a.s., in
P, in p-mean.
With a brief presentation of Lp.
Extensions of the Weak Law.
Up to one version which applies
to the "St.Petersburg paradox".
Strong Laws (Kolmogorov's theorems).
With proofs of the Maximal Lemma
and the 3 Series Theorem.
Weak convergence and the Continuity Theorem.
Relationships with other notions
of convergence are explored.
With some complements (e.g. Glivenko-Cantelli's
and Weierstrass-Bernstein's theorems).
Weaker hypotheses for the Central Limit Theorem.
Up to Lyapunov's and Lindeberg's
conditions.
Some applications.
E.g., to Poisson processes.
Meant as a final review of the presented tools and their uses.
References:
- Adams/ Guillemin. Measure theory and probability.
Birkhauser, 1996
- Grimmett/ Welsh. Probability an introduction.
Oxford, 1986
- Taylor. An introduction to measure and
probability. Springer, 1997
- Feller. An introduction to probability theory
and its applications. (2nd ed): Wiley, 1971
- Grimmett/ Stirzaker. Probability and random
processes. Oxford, 1992
- Durrett. Probability: theory and
examples. Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole, 1991
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